Carnot Engines
A heat engine A heat engine is a machine that moves by moving energy from a hot space to a cold space. In this process, the heat engine converts some of the heat energy into mechanical energy. All heat engines … more
Chemistry Simulation
Boyle’s J Tube
Boyle’s J-tube experiment Boyle’s J-tube experiment is an experiment that Boyle did to prove his law. Boyle experimented with pouring mercury into a J-shaped glass tube with one side blocked. At first, the heights of mercury are equal to each … more
Bernoulli’s Principle
This simulation is programmed so that the average velocity of fluid particles flowing through the pipe is constant. What does it mean that the fluid collides against the inner wall of the tube? If the fluid begins to flow in … more
Activity Series of Metals
Ionization tendency of metal The tendency of metals to lose electrons and become cations is called the ‘ionization tendency.’ The ionization sequence is an ordered list of ionization trends. The greater the metal’s ionization tendency, the easier it is to … more
Convection
Convection When you boil water in the kettle, even if you heat only the bottom, the whole water becomes evenly hot. This is because water transfers heat while moving directly. In this way, liquid or gaseous substances can transfer heat … more
Brownian motion
Brownian movement Botanist Robert Brown, while observing pollen on the water’s surface, He noticed that the pollen was constantly moving in random directions. At that time (1827), Brown believed that these movements were driven by special powers as a living … more
Thermometer
A thermometer is a device used to measure temperature. There are several types of thermometers, depending on how the temperature is measured. Thermal Expansion: Uses the principle that the volume expands with increasing temperature. Mercury thermometer, alcohol thermometer, bimetal thermometer. … more
Three Phase Equilibrium
All naturally occurring elements CAN exist as a solid, liquid, or gas, and all will have at least one triple point. (except Helium) The triple point is the unique combination of temperature and pressure at which the solid phase, liquid … more